Glossary

Website & app development, A to Z.

345 plain-English definitions covering web, mobile, backend, SEO, fintech, ecommerce, ERP, CRM, and AI — written by working engineers, for founders and operators.

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AI

LLM

Large language model — a neural network trained on massive text corpora that generates and understands human language. Examples: GPT-5, Claude Sonnet, Gemini, Llama.

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AI

RAG

Retrieval-augmented generation — an AI pattern that grounds LLM outputs in retrieved documents so answers cite real sources instead of hallucinating.

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AI

Embeddings

Numeric vector representations of text, images, or other data — used for semantic search, clustering, and retrieval-augmented generation.

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AI

Vector Database

A database purpose-built for storing high-dimensional vector embeddings and running fast nearest-neighbour similarity searches.

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AI

Prompt Engineering

The practice of designing, testing, and iterating on prompts to reliably get high-quality outputs from large language models.

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AI

Fine-Tuning

Adapting a pre-trained large language model to a specific domain, task, or style by continuing training on a smaller, targeted dataset.

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AI

Tokenization

The process of splitting text into smaller units (tokens) that a language model can process — typically subwords, not full words.

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AI

Context Window

The maximum number of tokens a language model can process at once — including prompt, retrieved documents, chat history, and output.

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AI

Hallucination

When a language model generates plausible-sounding but factually incorrect information — often citing fake sources, dates, or quotes.

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AI

AI Agent

An LLM-driven system that can plan, use tools, take actions, and iterate toward a goal — beyond simple question answering.

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AI

Chatbot

A conversational software interface — from simple rule-based menus to modern LLM-powered assistants that hold multi-turn conversations.

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AI

Transformer

The neural network architecture that powers modern LLMs — introduced in the 2017 "Attention Is All You Need" paper, based on self-attention.

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